Tom Murphy, UCSD - Shooting the Moon: Probing Fundamental Gravity in the Solar System

PLEASE NOTE TIME CHANGE TO 3PM.

The fundamental incompatability of quantum mechanics with general relativity together with our well-quantified ignorance of large-scale gravity (dark energy, dark matter) strongly suggests that we intensify our tests of gravity. APOLLO (the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation) is a new project that will bring about order-of-magnitude improvements in testing several fundamental aspects of gravity. Using a 3.5 meter telescope to bounce laser pulses off of the retroreflector arrays left on the moon by the Apollo astronauts, APOLLO will be capable of millimeter range-precision. By determining the exact shape of the lunar orbit, it will be possible to test the equivalence principle, the time-rate-of-change of the gravitational constant, gravitomagnetism, and geodetic precession to at least ten times better precision than presently tested. In addition, APOLLO will be sensitive to departures from the inverse- square law of gravity and can potentially probe the effects of extra dimensions to which only gravity has access.