Advances in medical imaging have transformed patient care. It is impossible to conceive of medicine being practiced today without the benefits of modern imaging including CT scanning and MR imaging. Anatomic imaging will continue to improve at a rapid pace enabling earlier detection of pathology. A new frontier called “molecular imaging” combines the power of molecular biology with imaging. Molecular imaging techniques may fundamentally transform the practice of medicine through earlier disease detection. Enhanced anatomic and molecular imaging, in conjunction with blood testing, will likely be the major foundations of personalized medicine in the coming era of molecular medicine.