Clement McDonald MD developed the 20-year-old Regenstrief medical record system, the oldest and largest computerized medical record system in the United States. The Regenstrief Institute is a privately endowed research institute for the study of health-care quality and economic issues. He was the principal investigator of a study that established a link between use of computers by physicians to write orders for in-patients and lower costs for hospitalization (New England Journal of Medicine, January 1993). McDonald also fostered and stimulated development of standards for electronic exchange of clinical information between independent computer systems. Additionally he is Professor of Public & Environmental Affairs (SPEA)