Michael E. Lomax, "The Leland Giants Baseball and Amusement Association: A Symbol Race Pride and Solidarity Through Self-help"

Associate Professor Cultural Studies, University of Iowa, Dept. of HSS. Fields include: Critical Cultural Analysis of Race and Sport; Sport and Entrepreneurship; and Sport Business. Publications include: Black Baseball Entrepreneurs, 1860-1901 Operating by Any Means Necessary (2003); “Major league baseball's separate-and-unequal doctrine: The African American and Latino Experience in spring training, 1946-1961.” In Race and Sport: The Struggle for Equality on and off the Field. Charles K. Ross, ed., Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, (2004). “Black entrepreneurship in the national pastime: The rise of semiprofessional baseball in black Chicago, 1890-1915.” In Sport and the Color Line: Black Athletes and Race Relations in Twentieth-Century America. Patrick B. Miller and David K. Wiggins, eds., New York: Routledge, (2004). “'Curt Flood stood up for us': The quest to break down racial barriers and structural inequality in major league baseball.” In Ethnicity, Sport, Identity: Struggles for Status. J. A. Mangan and Andrew Ritchie, eds., London: Frank Cass, (2004).