Analyses in Earth-based laboratories of lunar samples returned by NASA astronauts during the Apollo program, the robotic Soviet Luna program in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and more recently by the Chinese Chang’e 5/6 missions have revolutionized our understanding of the Moon and the Earth-Moon system. NASA has also returned samples from a comet (Stardust mission) and from the Sun (Genesis mission), and JAXA’s Hayabusa and Hayabusa2 missions have returned samples from two asteroids, Itokawa and Ryugu, respectively. Finally, NASA’s OSIRIS-REx mission returned samples of asteroid Bennu last year. Samples returned by these spacecraft missions are contributing immensely to addressing questions about conditions in the early Solar System, planet formation processes, and the sources of organics and volatiles on planetary bodies. In this talk, I will discuss the results and implications of the isotopic analyses in my laboratory of samples of the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu from JAXA’s recent Hayabusa2 mission. I will additionally touch on future plans to return carefully selected samples from the planet Mars.